Go net/http库
Get()方法
函数原型
func Get(url string) (resp *Response, err error)
使用示例：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
response, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(response.Status)
fmt.Println(response.Proto)
fmt.Println("------------请求头----------------")
for k, v := range response.Header {
fmt.Printf("%s:%s\n", k, v[0])
}
body, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
defer response.Body.Close()
if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
log.Fatalf("Response failed with status code: %d\n", response.StatusCode)
}
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("---------请求体--------")
fmt.Println(string(body))
fmt.Println("--------响应长度-------")
fmt.Println(response.ContentLength)
}
Head()函数
Head 请求表示只请求目标 URL 的响应头信息，不返回响应实体。
函数原型
func Head(url string) (resp *Response, err error)
例子：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
response, err := http.Head("http://httpbin.org/get")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
defer response.Body.Close()
for k, v := range response.Header { // 打印头信息
fmt.Println(k, ":", v)
}
}
Post()方法
向指定URL发送POST请求。
函数原型
func Post(url, contentType string, body io.Reader) (resp *Response, err error)
{{< admonition type=tip title=“注意” open=true >}}
调用http.Post()方法需要依次传递3个参数
- 请求的目标URL
- 数据资源类型
- 数据的比特流([]byte 形式)
示例：
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"strings"
)
func main() {
data := make(map[string]string, 0)
data["key"] = "001"
buf, err := json.Marshal(data)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
reqBody := strings.NewReader(string(buf))
res, err := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post", "application/json", reqBody)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
defer res.Body.Close()
if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
log.Fatalf("Response failed with status code: %d\n", res.StatusCode)
}
fmt.Printf("%s", body)
}
PostForm()方法
发送表单POST请求。
函数原型
func PostForm(url string, data url.Values) (resp *Response, err error)
{{< admonition type=tip title=“注意” open=true >}}
PostForm() 方法中，Content-Type 头信息类型是 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
POST 请求参数需要通过 url.Values 方法进行编码和封装。
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
res, err := http.PostForm("http://httpbin.org/post", url.Values{"key1": {"001"}, "key2": {"002"}})
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
defer res.Body.Close()
if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
log.Fatalf("Response failed with status code: %d\n", res.StatusCode)
}
fmt.Printf("%s", body)
}
NewRequest()方法
函数原型
func NewRequest(method, url string, body io.Reader) (*Request, error)
{{< admonition type=tip title=“注意” open=true >}}
创建一个新的HTTP请求通常使用net/http包中的http.NewRequest函数。这个函数允许你创建一个自定义的HTTP请求，你可以设置请求方法、URL、请求头和请求体等。
在Go语言中，http.Client是一个结构体，用于管理HTTP请求的发送和接收。你可以使用http.Client来执行HTTP请求，并处理响应。
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"strings"
)
func main() {
data := make(map[string]string, 0)
data["key1"] = "001"
data["key2"] = "002"
data["key3"] = "003"
buf, err := json.Marshal(data)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
reqBody := strings.NewReader(string(buf))
request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "http://httpbin.org/post", reqBody)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
client := &http.Client{}
res, err := client.Do(request)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
defer res.Body.Close()
if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%s", body)
}
ReadRequest()方法
{{< admonition type=tip title=“注意” open=true >}}
从非标准的输入源读取HTTP响应
package main
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"strings"
)
type ReqData struct {
Raw string
Req *http.Request
Body string
Trailer http.Header
Error string
}
func main() {
reqdata := &ReqData{
Raw: "GET /get HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"Host: httpbin.org\r\n" +
"User-Agent: Fake\r\n" +
"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\r\n" +
"Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5\r\n" +
"Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate\r\n" +
"Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\r\n" +
"Keep-Alive: 300\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 18\r\n" +
"Proxy-Connection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n" +
"帽儿山的枪手??",
}
req, err := http.ReadRequest(bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader(reqdata.Raw)))
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer req.Body.Close()
var bout bytes.Buffer
_, err = io.Copy(&bout, req.Body)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
body := bout.String()
fmt.Println(req.Method) // 输出HTTP请求类型
fmt.Println(body) // 输出请求body内容
}